Dialogos

Rifaat al-Assad, 'Butcher of Hama', Dies at 88

Published January 21, 2026, 19:01
Rifaat al-Assad, 'Butcher of Hama', Dies at 88

Rifaat al-Assad, the younger brother of the late Syrian President Hafez al-Assad and known as the 'Butcher of Hama' for his role in the brutal suppression of the 1982 uprising in the city, has died at the age of 88 in the United Arab Emirates. He was a former army officer who helped Hafez al-Assad seize power in a 1970 coup and establish his iron rule. Rifaat continued to harbor presidential ambitions for years while in exile, primarily in France. He returned to Syria in 2021 but was forced to flee again in 2024 following the overthrow of his nephew, President Bashar al-Assad. During his exile, he called on Bashar to step down in 2011 to prevent a civil war. His return to Syria in 2021 was facilitated by Bashar, possibly to protect him from legal prosecution in France, where he had been convicted of financial crimes. Rifaat al-Assad's reputation was stained by the bloody suppression of the 1982 Hama uprising, in which over 10,000 people were killed. This attack is often cited as a model for how Bashar al-Assad would later deal with protests during the Syrian civil war. More recently, in 2022, the Syrian Network for Human Rights estimated that between 30,000 and 40,000 civilians were killed in Hama. Furthermore, in March 2024, Switzerland announced it would try Rifaat al-Assad for war crimes and crimes against humanity related to his actions in Hama.