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How a 'Grand Canyon' Was Created in the Atlantic - Its Vast Extent

Published March 17, 2026, 14:11
How a 'Grand Canyon' Was Created in the Atlantic - Its Vast Extent

A massive underwater geological system, known as the 'Grand Canyon of the Atlantic' or King’s Trough, has been discovered approximately 1,000 kilometers west of Portugal. This 500-kilometer-long complex consists of an extensive network of trenches and basins. Recent research reveals that its formation is not solely due to the expansion of the oceanic crust, but also to the weakening of the crust by an upwelling thermal plume from the mantle and pressure from a temporary tectonic plate boundary. Scientists, using sonar systems and analyzing volcanic rocks, dated the complex between 37 and 24 million years ago. They also found evidence that a plate boundary passed through the area, causing crustal deformation before moving on. The thermal plume appears to have played a crucial role, weakening the crust and guiding the movement of the plate boundary. Despite the powerful geological forces, King’s Trough did not evolve into an extensive zone like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, as the plate boundary moved southwards towards the Azores, halting its evolution. The study links the phenomenon to thermal activity in the Azores, suggesting that the thermal plume may be an early stage of this activity. The Terceira Rift in the same region is considered a modern analogue of King’s Trough, offering a 'living laboratory' for understanding the formation of such underwater structures. This research sheds light on the interaction between tectonic plate movements and heat from the Earth's interior, revealing how impressive geological landscapes are shaped on the ocean floor.