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Eastern Mediterranean: Energy Review 2025 and Challenges of 2026

Published December 30, 2025, 06:12
Eastern Mediterranean: Energy Review 2025 and Challenges of 2026

2025 marks a pivotal year for energy policy in Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean, shifting the focus from addressing the shock of the energy crisis to a more realistic management of challenges. The European Union is experiencing a paradoxical development, with the increase of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) reducing dependence on fossil fuels, but simultaneously continuing to spend significant amounts on Russian energy. The US is pushing for complete independence from Russian natural gas by 2027. The Eastern Mediterranean is emerging as a key energy player, with an emphasis on smaller-scale and more feasible projects, such as the utilization of natural gas through Egypt and electricity interconnections via Greece-Cyprus-Israel. Cyprus, along with its energy partners, can play a significant role in this context. The India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) acts as a broader "umbrella" for integrating the energy and digital infrastructure of the Eastern Mediterranean into a geoeconomic corridor connecting India with Europe. IMEC includes electricity transmission networks, submarine data cables, and, in the medium term, hydrogen infrastructure. The goal of IMEC is to offer alternative trade and energy routes to China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and to strengthen strategic partnerships in the region, taking into account maritime claims and disputes over EEZ/AOZ, especially with Turkey.